In the field of sheet metal processing, the positioning accuracy of laser cutting machines directly determines product quality, and a decrease in accuracy can lead to problems such as cutting deviation and size deviation, affecting production efficiency. From device structure, operating system to usage environment, multiple factors may cause this problem, and it is necessary to rationally analyze the core reasons.
Mechanical structure loss is the primary cause of decreased accuracy. As the foundation of equipment operation, transmission components such as guide rails and lead screws are prone to wear and increased clearance due to long-term load bearing. If the guide rail experiences dry friction due to insufficient lubrication, scratches or abrasions may form, causing the movement trajectory to deviate; When the clearance between the screw and nut exceeds the allowable range, the empty stroke during reverse motion will directly reduce the positioning accuracy. In addition, if the equipment bed undergoes slight deformation due to long-term uneven stress, it will also damage the stability of the mechanical reference, thereby affecting the positioning accuracy.
Abnormalities in the laser system and driving components are key influencing factors. The unstable output power of the laser generator can cause the focusing position of the light spot to shift, indirectly affecting the positioning accuracy; As the driving core, if there is an encoder failure or insufficient torque in the servo motor, it will cause deviation between the motion control signal and the actual execution. At the same time, the transmission accuracy of the reducer decreases, such as gear wear and increased clearance, which further amplifies the positioning error, especially in high-speed cutting scenarios.
The impact of environmental factors is easily overlooked but should not be underestimated. The temperature fluctuations in the workshop can cause thermal expansion and contraction of the equipment structure, such as the different expansion coefficients between the guide rail and the bed body, which can change the original fitting accuracy; Excessive humidity may cause the electrical control system to become damp, affecting the stability of signal transmission. In addition, if the ground vibration in the workshop is transmitted to the equipment, it will interfere with the smooth operation of moving parts, and the accumulation of dust in key parts such as guide rails and grating rulers will exacerbate wear and affect detection accuracy.
Improper operation and maintenance are also important factors. If the operator fails to calibrate the equipment according to the specifications, or if the cutting parameter settings are unreasonable, it will result in the equipment being in a non optimal operating state for a long time; Lack of regular maintenance, such as untimely lubrication, clogged filters, and aging components that are not replaced in a timely manner, can gradually degrade equipment performance and decrease positioning accuracy.
In summary, the decrease in positioning accuracy of laser cutting machines for sheet metal is the result of multiple factors working together. Only by starting from multiple aspects such as mechanical structure, system components, environmental control, and operation and maintenance, can a comprehensive control system be established to effectively delay accuracy degradation and ensure stable equipment operation.