The chuck of the Tongkuai Pipe Laser Cutting Machine is the core component for pipe positioning and clamping, and its clamping deviation can directly lead to processing defects such as inclined cuts and dimensional deviations. The fault is mainly caused by mechanical wear, deviation of positioning reference or improper parameter settings. It needs to be solved step by step according to the logic of "phenomenon diagnosis cause investigation precise processing". The following is a specific analysis.

Fault diagnosis needs to first clarify the manifestation and location of deviations. Common clamping deviations are divided into radial deviation and axial deviation: radial deviation is manifested as the deviation of the center of the pipe when it rotates, and the ellipticity of cutting circumferential parts exceeds the tolerance; Axial deviation is manifested as the pipe axis not being parallel to the cutting path, resulting in an oblique angle at the cut. It can be confirmed through simple testing: manually rotate the clamped pipe, observe the gap changes between the laser head and the surface of the pipe, and determine the radial deviation; Measure the perpendicularity between the cut pipe end face and the axis, and confirm the degree of axial deviation.

The investigation of core causes needs to start with mechanical structure and parameter settings. On the mechanical level, wear of the chuck jaws, accumulation of debris on the sliding guide rails of the jaws, and coaxiality deviation between the spindle and chuck are the main causes; Long term clamping of pipes of different specifications can lead to uneven wear on the contact surface of the jaws, accumulation of debris can hinder synchronous movement of the jaws, and equipment vibration may damage the coaxial accuracy of the spindle and chuck. At the parameter level, improper clamping force settings (too loose causing slippage, too tight causing pipe deformation) and incorrect adjustment of chuck centering parameters can all lead to deviations.

Targeted processing should follow the principle of "mechanical first, parameter later". In terms of mechanical adjustment, first disconnect the power and disassemble the chuck, use fine sandpaper to polish the worn claw contact surface, and replace severely worn claws; Clean the debris on the guide rail with compressed air and apply special lubricating oil to ensure smooth sliding; If the coaxiality deviates, it is necessary to use a dial gauge to calibrate the concentricity between the spindle and the chuck, and adjust the chuck fixing bolts until the error meets the standard. When adjusting parameters, according to the diameter and wall thickness of the pipe, the clamping force should be reset according to the equipment manual, and the parameters should be locked after verification through trial cutting; If the centering parameters are abnormal, enter the CNC system to restore the default centering parameters and then make minor adjustments.

After troubleshooting, it is necessary to verify through trial cutting: select standard pipes for cutting, measure the size and perpendicularity of the cut, and confirm that the deviation has been eliminated. In daily prevention, it is necessary to establish a regular maintenance mechanism: clean the chuck guide rail debris and replenish oil every week, check the wear of the jaws every month, and calibrate the coaxiality of the spindle and chuck every quarter; When changing the specifications of the pipe, first adjust the clamping parameters before batch processing, which can significantly reduce the occurrence rate of deviation and failure.