As the core equipment for precision machining, the machining accuracy of high-precision cylindrical grinding machines directly determines the assembly performance and reliability of components. In actual production, environmental factors have a significant impact on the final machining accuracy by directly acting on the equipment body, processed workpieces, or cutting processes. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally analyze the mechanism and take control measures.

Temperature is the primary environmental factor that affects machining accuracy. When the grinder is running, the friction heating of the spindle bearings, guide rails, and other moving pairs, combined with environmental temperature fluctuations, can cause thermal deformation of the equipment structure. After being heated, the spindle system may experience axial elongation or radial jumping, and the thermal deformation of the guide rail will change the motion trajectory of the worktable, increasing the cylindricity error of the workpiece. At the same time, the workpiece is affected by cutting heat and environmental temperature during the machining process, resulting in thermal expansion and contraction. If the temperature difference is large, it will cause deviations in machining dimensions, especially for thin-walled or slender shaft parts. Generally speaking, every 1 ℃ fluctuation in ambient temperature may cause micrometer level machining errors, which is crucial for machining tasks that require 0.001mm precision.

Vibration interference is a key factor that destroys machining stability. There are various sources of environmental vibration, including the operation of other equipment in the workshop, vehicle traffic, and ground resonance. These vibrations will be transmitted to the grinder spindle and grinding wheel, causing unstable contact between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, resulting in vibration patterns on the surface of the workpiece and reducing surface roughness. When the vibration frequency is close to the natural frequency of the grinder, resonance will occur, greatly amplifying the machining error. For example, low-frequency vibrations generated by the operation of adjacent stamping equipment may cause roundness errors in outer circle machining to exceed the tolerance range.

Air cleanliness and humidity can indirectly affect machining accuracy. Impurities such as dust and iron filings in the workshop air are prone to adhere to key transmission components such as guide rails and screws, exacerbating wear and damaging motion accuracy; If the humidity exceeds the standard, it will cause the metal parts of the equipment to rust, affecting the fit clearance, and may also cause the grinding wheel to absorb water and deteriorate, reducing the grinding performance. In addition, compressed air serves as the power source for the pneumatic system of grinding machines. If it contains oil or water, it can cause the pneumatic components to malfunction, affecting the feed accuracy of the grinding wheel.

Overall, controlling environmental factors is the foundation for ensuring the machining quality of high-precision cylindrical grinders. In actual production, it is necessary to establish a constant temperature workshop, set up anti vibration foundations, and equip with air purification and dehumidification equipment to create a stable processing environment. Combined with regular maintenance of the equipment, the negative impact of environmental factors can be minimized to achieve high-precision machining requirements.