As a core equipment for precision machining, the universal cylindrical grinder's grinding parameters and the rationality of grinding wheel selection directly determine the machining accuracy, surface quality, and production efficiency of the workpiece. To achieve efficient and precise grinding, it is necessary to combine the material of the workpiece with the processing requirements, scientifically adjust parameters, select grinding wheels reasonably, and avoid processing defects caused by blind operation.

The setting of grinding parameters should follow the principle of "adapting to the workpiece, balancing efficiency and accuracy", with the core being the coordinated matching of speed, feed rate and grinding depth. The speed of the grinding wheel needs to be adjusted based on the material and diameter of the wheel. If the speed is too high, it can lead to increased wear of the grinding wheel and burn of the workpiece, while if it is too low, it can affect processing efficiency and surface smoothness. It is necessary to fine tune based on the stable operation of the grinding wheel and the absence of abnormal vibration. The feed rate is divided into longitudinal feed and transverse feed. Longitudinal feed needs to be adapted to the length of the workpiece and the width of the grinding wheel to avoid uneven grinding caused by too fast feed; Lateral feed should be set in layers according to the workpiece allowance. In the coarse grinding stage, the feed rate can be appropriately increased to improve efficiency, while in the fine grinding stage, the feed rate should be reduced to ensure machining accuracy. The grinding depth needs to be strictly controlled. A single depth that is too large can easily cause deformation of the workpiece and damage to the grinding wheel, especially for processing slender shaft workpieces with poor rigidity. Multiple micro grinding is required to reduce the impact of thermal deformation.

The core of selecting grinding wheels is to match the material of the workpiece with the processing requirements, with a key focus on the three core indicators of material, particle size, and bonding agent. In terms of material, corundum grinding wheels are suitable for grinding plastic materials such as carbon steel and alloy steel, silicon carbide grinding wheels are suitable for brittle materials such as cast iron and hard alloys, and diamond and cubic boron nitride grinding wheels are used for precision grinding of high-precision and high hardness workpieces. The selection of particle size should be combined with machining accuracy. For rough grinding, a coarse-grained grinding wheel should be used to improve grinding efficiency and quickly remove excess material; Fine grained grinding wheels are used during precision grinding to ensure the surface smoothness of the workpiece. The bonding agent needs to be adapted to the grinding conditions. Ceramic bonding agent grinding wheels have strong wear resistance and good heat resistance, and are suitable for high-speed grinding; Resin bonded grinding wheels have good elasticity and sharp grinding, suitable for precision grinding and thin-walled parts processing; Metal bond grinding wheels are used in high-precision, heavy-duty grinding scenarios.

Parameter tuning and grinding wheel selection need to form a collaborative adaptation to avoid single link optimization leading to poor overall machining results. For example, when grinding high hardness workpieces, it is necessary to use high hardness grinding wheels, combined with lower speed, smaller feed rate, and grinding depth, to reduce wheel wear and workpiece burns; When processing slender shaft workpieces, resin bonded grinding wheels with good elasticity are selected, and a parameter combination of large longitudinal feed and small transverse feed is used to reduce the risk of workpiece deformation.

In addition, it is necessary to dynamically adjust based on the actual feedback during the processing, pay attention to the surface quality of the workpiece, the wear status of the grinding wheel, and the abnormal noise of equipment operation, and adjust the parameters or replace the grinding wheel in a timely manner. At the same time, carry out daily maintenance and repair of the grinding wheel, regularly remove passivated abrasive particles on the surface of the grinding wheel, restore grinding sharpness, and extend the service life of the grinding wheel.

The efficient and precise grinding of the universal cylindrical grinder relies on the scientific adaptation of parameters and grinding wheels. By combining the material of the workpiece and the requirements for machining accuracy, accurately adjusting grinding parameters, selecting appropriate grinding wheels, and dynamically optimizing adjustments, the machining quality and efficiency can be effectively improved, various machining defects can be avoided, and stable and efficient precision grinding operations can be achieved.