In the practical application of Tongkuai laser welding machine, excessive welding spatter is a common problem that affects welding quality and production efficiency. Splashing not only causes defects in the appearance of the weld seam and increases subsequent cleaning workload, but may also damage key components of the equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose and locate the cause through a system and take targeted solutions.

From the perspective of fault diagnosis, the focus should first be on welding parameter settings. Laser power, welding speed, and defocus are the core influencing factors: if the laser power is too high, it will cause a sudden increase in the temperature of the molten pool, and metal droplets will splash due to excessive boiling; When the welding speed is too slow, the molten pool stays for too long, and the excess heat makes the molten pool unstable; Deviation in defocus amount can change the distribution of laser energy density. If it is too close, it can cause instantaneous vaporization of the material, while if it is too far away, insufficient energy can lead to poor fusion, both of which may cause splashing. When diagnosing, you can first retrieve the equipment parameter records and compare them with the standard parameter range of the material welding to preliminarily determine whether there are any abnormalities in the parameters.

Next, it is necessary to check the preparation of welding materials and fixtures. The oxide layer, oil stains, or rust on the surface of the material will rapidly burn or vaporize under laser irradiation, and the resulting gas will impact the molten pool and form splashes. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm whether the surface of the workpiece to be welded has been cleaned according to regulations; The positioning accuracy of fixtures is also crucial. If the workpiece is not tightly fitted and there are gaps, laser energy can easily penetrate the gaps and cause metal splashing. At this time, it is necessary to check whether the clamping force of the fixture and the positioning reference meet the requirements.

Finally, the status of the core components of the equipment should be checked. The unstable output energy of the laser oscillator, wear or contamination of the focusing lens, can cause uneven laser energy applied to the workpiece, leading to splashing; The malfunction of the protective gas system cannot be ignored. Insufficient flow of protective gas or nozzle blockage can damage the protective atmosphere of the melt pool. After air enters the melt pool, it reacts with the metal and splashes. During diagnosis, the shape of the protective gas flow can be observed, and the appearance of the focusing mirror and the operating parameters of the oscillator can be checked.

In terms of solutions, precise adjustments should be made based on the diagnostic results: when the parameters are abnormal, the power and speed can be gradually adjusted within the standard range, and the defocus amount can be determined based on the weld forming effect; Material and tooling issues require strengthening the surface cleaning process, replacing worn fixtures or adjusting clamping parameters; In case of equipment component failure, it is necessary to promptly clean the focusing lens, replace damaged parts, and if necessary, contact professional personnel to calibrate the laser oscillator. Through systematic diagnosis and targeted treatment, the welding spatter of the fast laser welding machine can be effectively reduced, ensuring welding quality and production stability.