Grinding machine is a flat grinding process that uses free abrasives, suitable grinding machines, and grinding techniques. As a relatively simple equipment, it can still achieve high form accuracy and surface quality, and is still one of the effective means of ultra precision machining.
Grinding machines are widely used in the production of soft materials such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver, and stainless steel. The grinding method for materials such as gold and silver jewelry is roughly the same as that for general steel materials. However, due to their different properties from general steel materials, the abrasives and grinding tools used during grinding are different. Now they are briefly described as follows:
Aluminum alloy has the same characteristics as copper, but its toughness is not as high as copper's. When grinding or polishing aluminum alloy workpieces, lead can be used as a grinding tool, and abrasive materials are often used in jade grinding machines.
Copper tiles are relatively soft, and abrasive particles are easily embedded on the surface of the workpiece. In order to avoid abrasive particles remaining on the surface of the ground workpiece, the basic principle for selecting the grinding tool material is to require a hardness lower than that of the workpiece. In current production, most of the grinding or polishing tools used for copper tiles are cast with Babbitt alloy. The hardness of Babbitt alloy is lower than that of copper, and the box phase structure is looser than copper, but it has better bonding strength, which makes it highly stable. Therefore, it can first embed the abrasive into the surface of the grinding tool, and achieve better results when grinding copper tiles. Most copper tiles are ground using corundum abrasives. Polishing often uses chromium oxide or iron oxide, among which chromium oxide is commonly used.
When grinding stainless steel workpieces, it is important to choose the appropriate abrasive. The applicable abrasives include ① single crystal corundum (AI2O2) and ② particle corundum (AI202 not more than TiO2); 06 Zirconium corundum (ZrO2 not less than AI2O2). Grinding or polishing stainless steel workpieces mostly uses cast iron to manufacture grinding tools, mainly using diamond abrasives. Chromium oxide can also be used for polishing stainless steel, but its effect is generally inferior to diamond grinding.
The operating speed of the grinder is mainly determined by the engine, grinding disc, and programmable control system. The following are the influencing factors of grinding processing speed:
1. The engine is hardware, and its quality mainly affects the speed of the grinding disc and whether it can effectively drive the grinding disc to rotate, as well as the friction force between the workpiece and the grinding disc.
2. A program control system is a software system. If the program control system is precise and responsive, during the grinding process of the workpiece, when a certain effective value is reached, the program control system will quickly respond and make the next instruction, which shortens the machine's response time and enables efficient execution of various commands. This is also the main role and advantage of software systems in mechanical automation.
3. Grinding disc and grinding cloth. The grinding disc and grinding pad are important components on the grinding machine, and the final grinding effect and accuracy of the workpiece are closely related to the selection of the grinding disc and grinding pad.