-
E-mail
caozh@smtw.com
- Phone
-
Address
No. 1146 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai
Shanghai Machine Tool Factory Co., Ltd
Basic structure and function of ordinary cylindrical grinding machine
Date: 2025-11-06Read: 6
A regular cylindrical grinder is a precision equipment used for machining the outer surface of circular workpieces. It achieves material removal through the relative motion between abrasive and workpiece, thereby improving the surface accuracy and quality of the workpiece. External cylindrical grinding machines are widely used in various fields of mechanical manufacturing, especially in the processing of precision parts, playing an important role.
Ordinary cylindrical grinderThe basic structure:
1. Bed: The bed is the basic part of the cylindrical grinder, which carries the weight of all other components and provides support and stability. The bed frame is usually made of cast iron or steel structure, which has good rigidity and wear resistance.
2. Workbench: The workbench is used to place workpieces and can perform fine adjustments in front, back, left, right, and up and down movements. It is equipped with a workpiece clamping device (such as a three jaw chuck or a tip) to fix the workpiece.
3. Grinding wheel holder: The grinding wheel holder is used to support the grinding wheel and rotate it through a driving system. The grinding wheel holder can move longitudinally along the worktable to achieve machining of workpiece surfaces at different positions.
4. Spindle: The spindle drives the rotation of the grinding wheel, which is usually driven by an electric motor and transmitted to the grinding wheel through a transmission system. The spindle speed can be adjusted to meet different processing requirements.
5. Feed system: The feed system is used to control the relative feed between the workpiece and the grinding wheel, ensuring that the surface of the workpiece is uniformly ground during the grinding process. The feeding device can be manual or automatic.
6. Hydraulic system (optional): The hydraulic system is used to provide more efficient and stable operation, such as automatically adjusting the position of the workbench or providing lifting and lowering of the grinding wheel rack.
7. Cooling system: In order to prevent overheating of the workpiece and grinding wheel, cylindrical grinders are usually equipped with a cooling system, where coolant is sprayed onto the contact surface between the workpiece and grinding wheel to reduce frictional heat and improve machining accuracy.
Working Principle:
1. Rotation of grinding wheel: The main shaft drives the grinding wheel to rotate, and the speed of the grinding wheel is usually high. The surface of the grinding wheel carries abrasive particles, which come into contact with the surface of the workpiece when rotating at high speed.
2. Feed motion: The workpiece is fed through the feed system of the worktable, and the workpiece moves back and forth along the axis of the grinding wheel to ensure the uniformity of contact between the grinding wheel and the workpiece surface during the grinding process.
3. Cutting action: The abrasive particles on the grinding wheel remove small metal particles on the surface of the workpiece through cutting action, gradually reducing the irregularity of the workpiece surface, thereby improving surface accuracy and smoothness.
4. Cooling effect: During the grinding process, the coolant is sprayed onto the grinding area to help reduce the heat generated by friction and take away the metal particles generated during the machining process, keeping the machining area clean.
Application areas of ordinary cylindrical grinding machines:
1. Axle parts: such as axle parts for automobiles and motorcycles, including axles, crankshafts, flywheel shafts, etc. The external cylindrical grinder can efficiently complete the external cylindrical grinding of these parts, giving them good dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness.
2. Bearings: External cylindrical grinders are commonly used for machining bearings, which can accurately grind the outer and inner diameters of circular shapes to ensure the accuracy of bearing operation.
3. Motor and generator parts: External cylindrical grinding machines can be used to process rotors and stators of motors, generators, and other equipment to ensure the accuracy and surface quality of their outer circular surfaces.
4. Precision molds and tools: In the manufacturing process of molds and cutting tools, cylindrical grinders are used for precision grinding of complex shaped parts to ensure the accuracy of their shape and size.
5. Aerospace field: Some precision aerospace parts also need to be processed by external cylindrical grinding machines to ensure their high precision requirements during operation.