As the core structure of mechanical connection and transmission, the machining accuracy of threads directly determines the stability of equipment operation, while efficiency affects production and manufacturing costs. Traditional thread processing equipment such as lathes and tapping machines have long dominated the mid to low end market due to their advantages of easy operation and low cost, while internal thread grinders, as high-precision processing equipment, have become increasingly irreplaceable in the manufacturing field. This article compares and analyzes the technical characteristics and applicable scenarios of two types of equipment from the two core dimensions of precision control and processing efficiency, providing reference for the selection of processing schemes.

In terms of precision performance, the internal thread grinder achieves the advantage of rolling through "grinding molding+precision control". Its core lies in the use of grinding processing method, which finely cuts the thread profile through high-speed rotating grinding wheel, avoiding the accuracy degradation caused by tool wear during traditional lathe turning, and can stably ensure that the thread profile angle, pitch and pitch tolerance are within a very small range. At the same time, the equipment is equipped with high-precision ball screws, linear guides, and servo control systems, which can accurately control the relative motion between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, effectively suppressing the influence of vibration on machining accuracy, especially suitable for high-precision internal thread machining in precision instruments, aerospace and other fields.

The precision shortcomings of traditional thread processing equipment are quite obvious. Lathe turning relies on tool edge forming, and tool wear and cutting force fluctuations during the machining process can easily lead to excessive surface roughness of threads; The machining accuracy of the tapping machine is constrained by the precision of the tap, and problems such as pitch deviation and incomplete tooth profile are prone to occur after the tap wears out. This type of equipment usually only meets the precision requirements of ordinary mechanical manufacturing and is difficult to adapt to the strict requirements for thread accuracy in the field.

Efficiency comparison presents the characteristic of "scene differentiation". In the scenario of small batch and multi specification internal thread processing, traditional equipment has significant advantages - lathes and tapping machines have simple debugging processes, short changeover times, and can quickly respond to diverse processing needs; The debugging process of the internal thread grinder is complex, requiring precise calibration of the grinding wheel angle and feed parameters. In small-scale production, the equipment preparation time accounts for a high proportion, and the efficiency advantage is difficult to fully utilize.

In the scenario of large-scale and high-precision internal thread machining, the efficiency advantage of internal thread grinding machines is gradually becoming prominent. Its grinding processing stability is strong, the scrap rate is low, and continuous operation can be achieved through an automated loading and unloading system, resulting in higher effective output per unit time; Traditional equipment, on the other hand, lacks precision stability and requires additional testing and rework processes, which in turn reduces overall production efficiency. In summary, both types of equipment have their own adaptation scenarios and need to be selected comprehensively based on processing accuracy requirements, batch size, and cost budget.