Graphite materials have characteristics such as softness and easy peeling. Improper control of cutting force and cutting heat during processing can lead to decreased machining accuracy and increased tool wear. The graphite carving and milling machine achieves precise control of cutting force and cutting heat by optimizing equipment structure, improving processing technology, and introducing intelligent control systems. The specific aspects are as follows.
1、 Optimize the hardware structure design of the device
1. High rigidity spindle system: The graphite engraving and milling machine adopts a high rigidity and high-precision electric spindle, and its internal bearings are specially designed and pre tightened to maintain stability during high-speed rotation, effectively reducing the additional cutting force caused by spindle vibration. At the same time, the electric spindle has good heat dissipation performance, and the built-in cooling system quickly removes the heat generated during operation, avoiding the accumulation of cutting heat caused by spindle overheating.
2. Precision feed system: The feed system is composed of high-precision ball screws and linear guides to reduce friction and clearance during the transmission process. For example, using a double nut pre tightened ball screw can eliminate reverse clearance, ensure smooth movement of the worktable, and ensure even cutting force when the tool comes into contact with the workpiece, avoiding excessive heat generation caused by sudden changes in cutting force due to unstable feed.
2、 Improve processing technology parameters
1. Reasonable selection of cutting parameters: Based on the hardness and processing requirements of graphite materials, accurately set the cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth. Reducing the cutting speed can reduce the frictional heat generation between the tool and graphite, but it will affect the machining efficiency; Increasing the feed rate will increase the cutting force and requires careful adjustment. By summarizing a large amount of experimental data and selecting appropriate parameter combinations, such as increasing cutting speed and reducing feed rate, cutting force and cutting heat can be effectively controlled while ensuring machining efficiency.
2. Optimize tool path: Use CAM software for tool path planning to avoid frequent start stop and sharp turns during the machining process, and reduce sudden changes in cutting force. By using methods such as layered cutting and spiral cutting, the tool gradually cuts into the workpiece, reducing instantaneous cutting force and helping to dissipate cutting heat.
3、 Intelligent Control System and Auxiliary Technology
1. Real time monitoring and feedback: The graphite engraving and milling machine is equipped with sensors to monitor cutting force and cutting temperature in real time, such as installing pressure sensors on the spindle to obtain cutting force data in real time; Monitor the temperature of the processing area through an infrared thermometer. When the cutting force or temperature exceeds the set threshold, the control system automatically adjusts the machining parameters, such as reducing the feed rate or pausing the machining, and resumes after the temperature decreases, achieving dynamic and precise control.
2. Cooling and lubrication technology: Adopting micro lubrication (MQL) technology, a small amount of lubricant is mixed with compressed air and sprayed towards the cutting area, which can not only lubricate the tool, reduce friction, but also take away some cutting heat. In addition, some equipment is equipped with a vacuum cleaner to promptly remove graphite dust during the processing, preventing dust accumulation from exacerbating friction and generating heat, while maintaining a clean working environment and improving processing stability.
The graphite carving and milling machine achieves precise control of cutting force and cutting heat through the coordinated application of hardware structure optimization, processing technology improvement, and intelligent control technology, providing reliable guarantee for high-precision and high-efficiency processing of graphite materials.