The hydraulic system of a CNC vertical lathe is responsible for driving important functions such as worktable lifting, chuck clamping, and tool holder indexing. Its stable operation is the key to ensuring efficient machining of the lathe. Once the hydraulic system malfunctions, it will directly affect the normal operation of the lathe. To deal with hydraulic system failures, the following technical key points need to be grasped.
1、 Hydraulic pump fault diagnosis and repair
As the power source of the hydraulic system, the failure of the hydraulic pump can lead to insufficient system pressure or no pressure output. To determine whether the hydraulic pump is faulty, the outlet pressure of the pump can be checked. If the pressure is significantly lower than the rated value, it is necessary to check whether the pump speed is normal and whether the suction pipeline is blocked. When the oil suction filter is clogged, it will cause difficulty in oil suction of the pump, resulting in air pockets. At this time, the filter should be cleaned or replaced in a timely manner. If the internal wear of the pump is severe, such as the wear of the gear teeth of the gear pump, the wear of the blades and stator inner surfaces of the vane pump, it will lead to a decrease in volumetric efficiency, and the worn parts need to be disassembled, inspected, and replaced. At the same time, ensure the installation accuracy of the hydraulic pump and avoid vibration and noise caused by improper installation, which may affect the service life of the pump.
2、 Troubleshooting and Handling of Hydraulic Cylinder Malfunctions
Hydraulic cylinders are the executing components of hydraulic systems, and their malfunctions manifest as slow movement, crawling, or inability to move. When the hydraulic cylinder leaks, it is necessary to check whether the piston seal is aging or damaged, and whether there are any strains on the inner wall of the cylinder. If the seal is damaged, a suitable specification of seal should be selected for replacement; If the inner wall of the cylinder is lightly scratched, grinding repair can be used. If it is severe, the cylinder needs to be replaced. In addition, the presence of air inside the hydraulic cylinder can also cause unstable operation. At this time, the air can be discharged through the exhaust valve to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, check whether the installation and connection parts of the hydraulic cylinder are loose to avoid damage to the hydraulic cylinder caused by uneven force.
3、 Key points for troubleshooting hydraulic valves
Hydraulic valves are used to control the pressure, flow, and direction of hydraulic systems, and their failure can cause the system to malfunction. For overflow valves, if the pressure regulation fails, it is necessary to check whether the valve core is stuck or the spring is ineffective. Cleaning the valve core and replacing the damaged spring can solve the problem. When the directional valve fails to change direction, it is necessary to check whether the electromagnetic coil is damaged, whether the valve core is blocked, repair or replace the electromagnetic coil, and clean the valve core to restore its function. If the flow rate of the throttle valve is unstable, it may be due to blockage of the throttle port or wear of the valve core. Cleaning the throttle port, grinding and repairing the valve core can improve the accuracy of flow control. When repairing hydraulic valves, it is necessary to strictly follow the disassembly sequence to avoid damaging the precision parts inside the valve.
4、 Troubleshooting of hydraulic pipelines and joints
Hydraulic pipeline leakage is a common fault, often occurring at pipeline joints. Check for cracks or damage in the pipeline, and replace it promptly if there are any issues. For joint leakage, it is necessary to check whether the sealing ring is intact, and apply even force when tightening the joint nut to avoid seal failure caused by uneven force. In addition, the installation layout of hydraulic pipelines should be reasonable, avoiding bending radii that are too small, too long, or interfere with each other, to prevent cracking and leakage caused by pipeline vibration and friction. Regularly check the fixing condition of the pipeline to ensure its stability and reduce faults caused by vibration.
5、 Daily maintenance and preventive measures
Prevention is better than repair, and maintaining the hydraulic system regularly is the key to reducing the occurrence of faults. Regularly replace hydraulic oil, keep the oil clean, and prevent impurities from entering the system and causing component wear. Monitor the temperature, viscosity, and other parameters of hydraulic oil, and check if the cooling system is working properly when the oil temperature is too high; When the oil deteriorates, replace it with new oil in a timely manner. Regularly inspect the operational status of various components in the hydraulic system and perform preventive replacement of vulnerable parts such as seals and filter cartridges. Establish a hydraulic system operation file, record the time, phenomenon, and handling measures of faults, and provide reference for subsequent fault diagnosis.
By grasping the above technical key points, it is possible to effectively diagnose and handle hydraulic system faults in CNC vertical lathes, ensure stable operation of the hydraulic system, and thereby ensure the machining accuracy and production efficiency of CNC vertical lathes.