In the field of precision machinery manufacturing, the accuracy of boring technology directly determines the assembly performance of core components and the stability of equipment operation. CNC horizontal milling and boring machines, with their structural characteristics and advantages in CNC systems, have become key equipment for achieving high-precision boring. Its application not only breaks through the accuracy bottleneck of traditional boring technology, but also promotes process upgrades in manufacturing fields such as aerospace and heavy equipment.
The high-precision advantage of CNC horizontal milling and boring machines comes from the synergy between mechanical structure and CNC technology. From the perspective of structural design, the bed body adopts integral casting and aging treatment technology, effectively reducing the impact of its own deformation on machining accuracy; The spindle system is supported by dynamic and static pressure bearings, coupled with a precision gear transmission mechanism, to control the radial and axial runout of the spindle within a very small range. The numerical control system achieves micrometer level displacement positioning through pulse equivalent control, and cooperates with a closed-loop feedback system to correct machining errors in real time, ensuring precise and controllable tool trajectories during the boring process.
The optimization of process parameters is the core link to achieve high-precision boring. The cutting speed should be reasonably matched according to the material of the workpiece and the performance of the cutting tool. It is necessary to avoid the aggravation of tool wear caused by high-speed cutting, as well as to prevent the decrease in surface quality caused by low-speed cutting. The setting of feed rate should take into account both machining efficiency and accuracy. Through a segmented feed strategy, a larger feed rate is used to remove excess in the rough boring stage, and a smaller feed rate is used in the fine boring stage to ensure dimensional accuracy. In addition, the grinding quality and clamping accuracy of the cutting edge of the tool also need to be strictly controlled. The tool size can be calibrated through a tool presetter to reduce the impact of clamping errors on boring accuracy.
In practical application scenarios, the high-precision boring process of CNC horizontal milling and boring machines demonstrates significant advantages. In the machining of aircraft engine casings, it can achieve one-time clamping of multiple precision hole systems, and the coaxiality and positional errors of the hole systems are controlled within the design requirements, greatly improving assembly efficiency. In the machining of guide rail holes on heavy-duty machine tool bed bodies, the use of constant torque cutting technology effectively ensures the straightness of long hole machining, laying a high-precision foundation for subsequent guide rail assembly.
In summary, the high-precision boring process of CNC horizontal milling and boring machines is an organic combination of mechanical structure, CNC technology, and process parameter optimization. With the development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the introduction of adaptive control and digital twin technology in the future is expected to further enhance its process stability and precision control capabilities, providing more reliable processing solutions for the manufacturing field.