As a high-precision grinding equipment, the stability of the mechanical structure directly determines the grinding accuracy of the tool grinder. If the mechanical structure loosening fault is not handled properly, it can lead to problems such as wavy lines and dimensional deviations on the cutting edge of the tool, and even cause equipment noise and secondary damage to components. The troubleshooting and repair of such faults need to be combined with the structural characteristics of the equipment, starting from key connection parts and implementing systematic solutions.
The typical characteristic of mechanical structural looseness is clear directionality. The vibration of the grinding wheel frame intensifies and is accompanied by abnormal grinding patterns, mostly due to loose fixing bolts of the grinding wheel spindle bearing seat; When the workbench moves, there may be jamming or inaccurate positioning, which may be due to loose connecting bolts between the guide rail slider and the workbench; If the clearance between the feed handle operations increases, it indicates that the fixed part of the screw nut pair is loose. After long-term operation, fasteners are affected by vibration and temperature changes, and the pre tightening force gradually decreases. The wear of the mating surface will further amplify the loosening effect.
Deep investigation should be carried out according to the principle of "from the surface to the inside, graded detection". Firstly, check the visible external connection parts, such as the fixing screws of the protective cover and the bolts of the motor mounting seat. These parts are prone to thread corrosion caused by cutting fluid erosion, and can be tightened with a torque wrench according to the specified torque. When the thread slides, replace the high-strength bolts and apply thread locking agent. For the connecting bolts between the guide rail and the workbench, it is necessary to remove the protective plate and check them one by one. Tighten them in diagonal order step by step to avoid deformation due to uneven force. After tightening, manually move the workbench to confirm smooth and unobstructed movement.
The loosening treatment of core transmission components requires attention to the restoration of fitting accuracy. The loosening inspection of the grinding wheel spindle system requires dismantling the spindle box and checking the pre tightening status of the bearing cover bolts. If the bearing clearance exceeds the standard, the pre tightening force needs to be readjusted. When replacing worn bearings, it is necessary to ensure that the accuracy level of the bearings in the same group is consistent. The loose connection between the lead screw and the nut seat will directly affect the feed accuracy. The axial movement of the lead screw can be detected by a dial gauge. If it exceeds the allowable value, it is necessary to re grind and adjust the gasket. When tightening, the hot fitting method should be used to eliminate the gap, and if necessary, the lead screw support bearing should be replaced.
The accuracy calibration after repair cannot be ignored. After the fastening is completed, the key geometric accuracy needs to be rechecked, such as the perpendicularity between the grinding wheel spindle axis and the worktable, the parallelism of the guide rail, etc., measured by a precision level and dial gauge. If the deviation exceeds the limit, it can be compensated by scraping the joint surface or adjusting the gasket. For long-term operating equipment, it is recommended to establish a fastener maintenance ledger and develop differentiated re tightening cycles based on the stress characteristics of different parts. Inspection intervals should be shortened for high-frequency vibration parts such as grinding wheel racks and workbenches.
By accurately locating loose parts, scientifically tightening and repairing with precision, combined with subsequent precision calibration, the mechanical structure loosening fault of the tool grinder can be effectively solved, the high-precision grinding ability of the equipment can be restored, and the service life of key components can be extended.