Horizontal CNC drilling and milling machineIt is a CNC machine tool that integrates functions such as drilling, milling, boring, and tapping. Its spindle is horizontally arranged, and the worktable can move in multiple directions. It is suitable for efficient machining of small and medium-sized parts, especially in the cutting of non-ferrous metals, plastics, and other materials. This machine tool consists of key components such as bed, column, worktable, spindle box, and CNC system. The bed adopts a high rigidity cast iron structure to ensure machining stability; The workbench can achieve vertical, horizontal, and vertical feed in three directions, and some models are equipped with automatic cutting function to improve processing efficiency; The spindle box can rotate vertically in a plane, expanding the processing range and adapting to different angle processing requirements.
Horizontal CNC drilling and milling machineThe main components of:
1. Bed/Frame
Function: The foundation and skeleton of the entire machine tool, carrying all other components.
Features:
High strength cast iron or welded steel structures are usually used, which have high rigidity and seismic resistance.
Designed in a "T" or "C" layout to provide stable support for various moving parts.
There are often reinforcing ribs inside to optimize the structure and reduce deformation.
2. Worktable
Function: Used for installing and clamping workpieces.
Features:
Installed on the bed, it can move along the X-axis (left and right) direction.
The worktable of most horizontal machining centers is a CNC rotary worktable (such as NC Rotary Table or 5-axis Table), which can achieve indexing or continuous rotation of the B-axis (rotating around the Y-axis) or A-axis (rotating around the X-axis), greatly improving machining flexibility (achieving four axis and five axis linkage).
The workbench surface has T-shaped grooves for installing various fixtures and workpieces.
3. Column
Function: Fixed on the bed, supporting the spindle box and slide seat.
Features:
Move along the bed guide rail in the Z-axis (forward and backward) direction (some high D models have fixed columns, and the spindle is driven by the slide to move in the Z-axis).
Has good guiding accuracy and rigidity.
4. Saddle/Swivel Housing
Function: Connect the column and spindle box to achieve the movement of the spindle in the Y-axis (up and down) direction.
Features:
Lift and lower vertically on the pillar.
In a universal horizontal machining center, the slide itself may have a rotating function (such as the A-axis), allowing the spindle to tilt between vertical and horizontal, achieving more complex five axis machining.
5. Spindle Head
Function: It accommodates the spindle, drive motor, and transmission mechanism, and is the core component for performing cutting.
Features:
Installed on the slide and moves along the Y-axis with the slide.
Integrated spindle motor (direct or belt drive) drives the tool to rotate at high speed.
The front end of the spindle has standard taper holes (such as ISO, BT, HSK) for installing tool holders and cutting tools.
Equipped with an automatic tool changer (ATC) interface.
6. Spindle
Function: Directly clamp the tool and drive its rotation for cutting.
Features:
Wide speed range, high power, and good rigidity.
Equipped with precision bearings to ensure rotational accuracy and stability.
Possible integration of Through Spindle Coolant (TSC) function, high-pressure coolant is sprayed from the center of the tool, effectively removing chips and cooling.
7. Numerical Control System (CNC System)
Function: The "brain" of the machine tool is responsible for parsing machining programs (G-code), controlling the movement of each axis, and managing auxiliary functions.
composition
CNC controller: an industrial computer that runs CNC software (such as FANUC, Siemens, Heidenhain, Guangshu, Huazhong CNC, etc.).
Operation panel (HMI): including display screen, keyboard, handwheel, emergency stop button, etc., for operators to input commands and monitor status.
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller): processes the on/off signals of machine tools (such as hydraulic, pneumatic, cooling pump start/stop, tool magazine action).
8. Feed Servo System
Function: Accurately drive the X, Y, Z, B (and A) and other feed axes to move according to instructions.
composition
Servo motor: provides power.
Ball screw: converts the rotational motion of the motor into linear motion, with high transmission accuracy and low friction.
Linear guide rail: supports moving parts and provides low friction, high-precision linear motion.
Position detection component: usually a grating ruler (fully closed loop) or encoder (semi closed loop), which provides real-time feedback of position information to the CNC system to achieve precise closed-loop control.
9. Automatic Tool Changer ATC
Function: Automatically replace the required tools during the machining process, achieving unmanned continuous machining.
Common types:
Tool Magazine: Stores multiple cutting tools, including disc type (disc type tool magazine), chain type (chain type tool magazine), etc.
Tool Changer Arm: performs tool picking and changing actions with fast speed and high reliability.
10. Auxiliary Systems
Cooling system:
Provide cutting fluid for cooling tools and workpieces, and flushing chips. Including cooling pumps, pipelines, and nozzles.
Lubrication system:
Regularly and quantitatively lubricate moving parts such as guide rails, screws, and bearings (automatic centralized lubrication) to reduce wear.
Chip removal system:
Such as chain plate or spiral chip conveyors, they automatically discharge the chips generated during processing outside the machine tool, keeping the working area clean.
protective shield
Fully enclosed or semi enclosed cover to prevent chips and coolant splashing, ensuring safe operation.
Pneumatic/Hydraulic System:
Provide power for loosening/clamping tools (cutting cylinders), clamping workpieces, and driving certain auxiliary mechanisms.
11. Tool Holder&Tooling System
Although it does not belong to the machine tool itself, it is crucial.
Including standard tool holders (such as BT40, HSK-A63), rivets, as well as various cutting tools such as drills, milling cutters, boring cutters, etc.