The cutting accuracy and stability of high-power fiber laser cutting machines depend on the precision of lens calibration and the stability of optical path transmission. As a key optical component in the laser transmission path, the orientation deviation or contamination of the lens can cause laser energy attenuation and spot distortion; The deviation of the optical path directly affects the accuracy of the cutting trajectory, so scientific calibration and debugging methods are the basic guarantee for the efficient operation of the equipment.

Lens calibration should follow the principle of "from front to back, gradually progressing", focusing on key components such as focusing mirrors and reflectors. Before calibration, it is necessary to complete the preparation work such as power-off of the equipment and cleaning of impurities on the surface of the lens to avoid dust or oil pollution affecting the calibration accuracy. The key to calibrating the focusing mirror is to ensure that its center is coaxial with the center of the laser beam. A specialized calibration instrument can be used to emit a collimated beam and observe the convergence state of the beam at the focal point of the focusing mirror. If the light spot deviates, the adjustment knob of the focusing mirror fixing seat needs to be fine tuned until the light spot is perfectly circular and centered. The calibration criteria for reflectors should be based on the direction of laser incidence, and the spot positions of each reflector should be marked sequentially using spot positioning paper. By adjusting the pitch and horizontal knobs of the reflectors, the center points of each spot should be on the same straight line to ensure that the laser beam is transmitted without deviation.

Optical path debugging needs to be carried out in two steps: static debugging and dynamic verification, based on the operating status of the equipment. During static debugging, first adjust the laser power to the safe testing range, and use an optical path collimator to detect the offset of the laser beam throughout the entire transmission path. Focus on checking the coaxiality of the optical path between the fiber output end and the first reflector, the last reflector, and the cutting head. If the offset exceeds the threshold, it needs to be corrected by adjusting the reflector bracket. Dynamic verification requires a trial cutting test, using standard test blocks for cutting, observing the perpendicularity, smoothness, and dimensional errors of the incision. If there is an inclination or dimensional deviation of the incision, compensation can be made by adjusting the cutting head focal length or reflector angle until the machining accuracy requirements are met.

It is worth noting that frequent disassembly of lenses should be avoided during the calibration and debugging process to prevent lens damage; After debugging, it is necessary to keep parameter records, establish equipment maintenance files, and regularly review the calibration status. In addition, environmental factors have a significant impact on the stability of the optical path. The operating environment of the equipment needs to be kept clean and dry to avoid deformation of optical components caused by drastic temperature changes. Through standardized lens calibration and optical path debugging processes, the cutting accuracy of equipment can be effectively improved, the service life of optical components can be extended, and reliable guarantees can be provided for the stable operation of high-power fiber laser cutting machines.