In the machining process of a universal cylindrical grinder, the grinding wheel serves as the core cutting tool, and its surface condition directly determines the machining accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece. As the grinding operation continues, the abrasive grains of the grinding wheel may experience wear, passivation, and even detachment, leading to a decrease in grinding efficiency and excessive surface roughness of the workpiece. Therefore, grinding wheel dressing has become a key link in ensuring the stability of grinding processing.

The core principle of grinding wheel dressing is to use dressing tools to accurately cut or scrape the surface of the grinding wheel, remove passivated abrasive particles and metal debris adhered to the surface, and reshape the grinding wheel into a working surface with sharp cutting edges and reasonable chip space. Essentially, the dressing process is equivalent to "regenerative machining" of the grinding wheel, which not only restores its cutting performance but also ensures the geometric accuracy of the dressing wheel to match the size and shape requirements of the subsequently ground workpiece.

The current mainstream grinding wheel dressing techniques are mainly divided into two categories: mechanical dressing and non mechanical dressing. Mechanical trimming is a widely used method, with commonly used tools including diamond pens, diamond rollers, etc. Among them, the diamond pen trimming operation is simple and suitable for small and medium-sized production or scenarios with low requirements for grinding wheel accuracy. By manually or automatically controlling the movement of the diamond pen along the surface trajectory of the grinding wheel, the shaping and trimming of the grinding wheel can be achieved; Diamond roller dressing, with its advantages of high precision and efficiency, is often used for large-scale and high-precision grinding operations. The contour of the roller can be customized according to the needs of the workpiece, and the formation and grinding of the grinding wheel can be completed in one go, effectively ensuring consistency in dressing.

In the implementation process of repair technology, it is necessary to focus on controlling the repair parameters and operational accuracy. The dressing speed ratio (the ratio of the moving speed of the dressing tool to the linear speed of the grinding wheel), dressing depth, and other parameters directly affect the dressing effect: if the speed ratio is too high, it will cause the grinding wheel surface to be too rough, affecting the surface quality of the workpiece; If the dressing depth is too deep, it will exacerbate the wear and tear of the grinding wheel and shorten its service life. In addition, the installation accuracy of the dressing tool is also crucial. The tip wear of the diamond pen needs to be controlled within a reasonable range, otherwise it will lead to an increase in geometric errors after grinding wheel dressing, which will affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

With the development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the grinding wheel dressing technology of universal cylindrical grinders is upgrading towards automation and intelligence. Some equipment is equipped with a grinding wheel condition monitoring system, which detects the wear and surface condition of the grinding wheel in real time through sensors. Combined with the CNC system, it automatically adjusts the dressing parameters to achieve "on-demand dressing", reducing manual intervention and further improving dressing accuracy and processing efficiency, providing more reliable technical support for high-precision and high stability grinding processing.