The adaptability of CNC cylindrical grinding machines to grinding workpieces of different materials stems from their precise control of grinding mechanisms and flexible matching of process parameters. This adaptability does not solely rely on device hardware, but rather achieves efficient and high-quality grinding processing through the synergistic effect of grinding wheel characteristics, grinding parameters, and material properties.

The core of the grinding adaptability for metal materials lies in controlling the balance between grinding force and thermal damage. When processing quenched materials such as high carbon steel, the material has high hardness and strong wear resistance, and corundum grinding wheels should be selected to achieve effective cutting by utilizing their high hardness and toughness. By reducing the feed rate and increasing the grinding wheel speed, the cutting load on a single abrasive grain can be reduced to avoid the grinding wheel becoming dull too quickly. For plastic materials such as aluminum alloys, it is easy to produce debris that adheres to the surface of the grinding wheel and causes blockage. In this case, a silicon carbide grinding wheel combined with kerosene based cutting fluid is needed to use the brittleness of silicon carbide to continuously crack and expose new edges. At the same time, the permeability of the cutting fluid can timely wash away the debris. For difficult to machine metals such as titanium alloys, their poor thermal conductivity can easily cause grinding burns. It is necessary to increase the cooling intensity (such as high-pressure jet cooling) and reduce the grinding depth to control the temperature in the grinding zone below the phase transition point.

In the face of non-metallic materials, grinding adaptability is reflected in the adjustment of material removal methods. The grinding of brittle materials such as ceramics relies on the "brittle fracture" mechanism. Diamond grinding wheels are used to achieve micro crushing of ceramics by abrasive particles with their ultra-high hardness. By controlling the grinding wheel particle size (usually 80-120 mesh), the machining efficiency and surface roughness are balanced. To avoid excessive grinding force causing edge breakage of the workpiece, a small feed rate and low grinding wheel speed are used to reduce the impact load. The grinding of engineering plastics and other polymer materials belongs to the category of "plastic flow" removal, which requires fine-grained resin bonded grinding wheels. The elastic buffering effect of the resin is utilized to reduce material tearing, while increasing the feed rate to shorten the grinding time and avoid material softening and deformation due to frictional heat.

The parameter adaptation capability of the numerical control system is the technical support for adaptability. The system can automatically adjust key parameters such as grinding wheel speed, feed rate, cooling flow rate, etc. based on the preset grinding parameter template of the material. For example, when switching processing materials, the system can quickly match the corresponding grinding wheel linear velocity with the worktable feed ratio, ensuring the stability of the abrasive cutting state. For composite materials such as fiber-reinforced resin based materials, the system adjusts local parameters based on different component characteristics through a segmented grinding strategy to avoid grinding quality fluctuations caused by uneven materials.

The adaptability principle of CNC cylindrical grinding machine is essentially to identify the mechanical properties of materials (hardness, toughness, thermal conductivity, etc.), optimize the energy distribution and material removal methods during the grinding process. This closed-loop adjustment mechanism of "material characteristics process parameters equipment response" enables it to meet diverse grinding needs from metal to non-metal, while ensuring machining accuracy and balancing efficiency and cost.